Is Ozempic Safe? The Shocking Side Effects You Need to Know

Semaglutide, marketed under the brand names Ozempic and Wegovy, has become a popular treatment for managing type 2 diabetes and, more recently, for weight loss. As a GLP-1 receptor agonist, it works by mimicking a hormone in the body to help regulate blood sugar and reduce appetite.

But despite its effectiveness, the medication is not without its risks. Patients and healthcare professionals alike need to be aware of the potential dangers—some of which could even lead to serious health consequences or death.

The Rise of GLP-1 Agonists: A Booming Industry with Hidden Risks

Semaglutide is a drug used primarily to manage type 2 diabetes and, at higher doses, to aid in weight loss. It works by improving insulin sensitivity, reducing blood sugar levels, and lowering appetite. However, its popularity has also raised concerns about the safety profile, especially as it becomes more widely prescribed for off-label weight loss, especially concerning off-label and compounded versions of the drug.

The Dark Side of Semaglutide: Reported Deaths & Severe Complications

While semaglutide offers benefits, like any medication, it comes with potential side effects, some of which are mild and temporary, while others can be more severe:

Common Side Effects of Semaglutide

Like any medication, semaglutide comes with potential side effects, some of which are mild and temporary, while others can be more severe:

• Gastrointestinal Problems: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation are common side effects. These tend to occur more frequently in the early stages of treatment but can improve over time.

  
  

• Pancreatitis Risk: A rare but serious side effect is pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), which can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. If untreated, pancreatitis can lead to life-threatening complications.

  
  

• Bezoars (Gastric Obstruction): One lesser-known but concerning side effect is the formation of bezoars—masses of undigested material that can form in the stomach. Bezoars can cause a blockage, leading to pain, nausea, vomiting, and even a more serious obstruction. In some cases, bezoars may require surgical removal if they do not pass on their own. This side effect appears to be more common in individuals with a history of gastrointestinal issues.

  
  

• Kidney Issues: Some users have reported kidney-related problems, including kidney failure. It's important for individuals on semaglutide to stay well-hydrated and monitor kidney function during treatment.

  
  

• Thyroid Tumor Concerns: While animal studies suggest a possible risk of thyroid tumors, it remains unclear whether this applies to humans. However, healthcare professionals caution against using semaglutide in patients with a personal or family history of thyroid cancer. (Source)

Serious Risks of Semaglutide

While the benefits of semaglutide can be significant for individuals with diabetes or those trying to manage their weight, there are more serious health risks that patients must consider:

• Worsening Diabetic Retinopathy: Rapid improvement in blood sugar control can sometimes worsen diabetic retinopathy, a condition that affects the eyes. This can lead to severe vision problems if not carefully managed.

  
  

• Severe Allergic Reactions: Though rare, semaglutide can cause severe allergic reactions, including swelling of the face, lips, or throat, which can be life-threatening. It's crucial to seek immediate medical help if any of these symptoms occur.

  
  

• Vision Loss & Blindness: Emerging research suggests that GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic may increase the risk of vision problems, including nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a condition that can cause sudden vision loss. Patients taking these medications should be closely monitored for vision changes. (Source)

Deaths Linked to Semaglutide Use

While deaths related to semaglutide are relatively rare, there have been reports of severe adverse events, including fatalities. These incidents are often linked to individuals who have underlying medical conditions that may have worsened due to the medication. The key to preventing these outcomes lies in careful screening by healthcare providers, close monitoring, and adjusting treatment plans as needed.

In November 2024, Novo Nordisk, the manufacturer of Ozempic and Wegovy, reported at least 10 deaths and 100 hospitalizations in the U.S. associated with compounded versions of semaglutide—non-FDA-approved formulations mixed by pharmacies. The FDA has also received reports of severe dosing errors with these versions. (Source)

What You Can Do

If you or a loved one is currently using semaglutide or is considering it, here are some important steps to take:

1. Consult Your Healthcare Provider: Make sure to discuss your full medical history with your doctor, including any prior episodes of pancreatitis, kidney disease, or thyroid problems. Your doctor will evaluate whether semaglutide is a suitable option for you.

   
   

2. Monitor for Side Effects: Stay vigilant for symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, persistent nausea, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face or throat. If you experience any of these, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

   
   

3. Regular Check-ups: Routine follow-up visits with your doctor are essential. These check-ups allow for the monitoring of side effects and any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

   
   

4. Be Informed: Understand the risks and benefits of semaglutide before starting treatment. Don’t hesitate to ask your doctor any questions or express any concerns about the medication.

   
   

Final Thoughts: Proceed with Caution

Semaglutide has proven to be a game-changer for managing diabetes and promoting weight loss. However, as with any medication, it comes with potential risks that need to be carefully weighed. Understanding the possible dangers—from gastrointestinal issues like nausea and vomiting to serious conditions like pancreatitis, bezoars, and kidney failure—can help you make an informed decision about whether semaglutide is the right treatment for you.